Known for its distinct wavy blade and intricate hilt designs, this traditional weapon has captivated the hearts of many for centuries. In this article, we will delve into the fascinating world of the Kris sword, exploring its various variations such as Kris daggers and Moro Kris swords, and uncovering the significance they hold in the cultural heritage of Southeast Asia.”

Two Types of Kris Swords 

Both the ‘Kris’ or ‘Keris’ dagger and ‘Moro Kris’ or ‘ Kalis’ swords have exceptionally similar names, heritage and design. They are symbolic weapons of Southeast Asia, sharing one of the most eye-catching and unique blade shapes for a sword seen throughout history. 

The simple difference between the Moro Kris Sword and the Kris dagger is that one is simply longer while the other one is shorter. In this article we will look at the origins of both, their fascinating forms and how they are not just weapons, but a fundamental part of Southeast Asian spiritual and cultural heritage.  

We will explore how the Moro Kris became a sword that is most commonly seen as a Filipino weapon, whilst its origins are rooted in the Javanese Kris or Keris dagger. As well as the key design points of Kris weaponry so you can understand the small but significant differences between the two.

Type 1: The Kris Dagger

The Kris dagger predates the Moro Kris sword. It is generally believed to originate from Java, Indonesia, and the name Kris or Keris (as it is called somewhat interchangeably) may come from the Javenese word ngiris which means “to slice”, “stab”, “cut” or “wedge”. 

The Kris is generally considered the Western terminology for the sword, whereas the countries from which the dagger originates usually refer to them by its Southeast Asian name of Keris or Kalis. 

Although it is hard to place exactly when the Keris first came into existence, historians have suggested that they could have been in use from as early as the 9th century. They have attained this information from the sculpture and bas-relief of temples in Indonesia, such as the Mahayana Buddhist temple Borobudur in central Java, on which Kris daggers have been carved and depicted.

They are possibly one of the most widespread swords in terms of popularity and have become staples in the weaponry of Southeast Asia. These countries include the islands of Indonesia, Southern Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines, with variations of the Kris often developing in each location. Note that the all-famous Malay Kris is the Malaysian version of the kris dagger.

Like the Katanas of the Samurai, the production of each element of a Kris or Kalis is seen to be an artform:

Blade 

The most distinctive and arguably outstanding part of the Kris knife’s design is the asymmetrical “wavy blade”. Before developing into the Moro Kris Shortsword, the older, asymmetrical dagger would have been carried almost constantly by the Javenese into battle, for everyday protection, and as a ceremonial and spiritual object. The most distinctive of these double-edged knives could have up to 29 undulations on its trademark wavy blade, which would be between 25-38cm long. 

It is said the undulations are one of its most ferocious characteristics, given that a flamberge blade (a sword with said waves) can cause wider wounds in combat and lead to one’s opponent dying quickly from blood loss. Not only does it leave gaping holes, but it acts almost like a saw, “carving” with each thrust.

The number of “waves”, or undulations, are known as “luk” on a Kris dagger. They should always be an odd number and can range anywhere between 3 and 29. It is believed that the greater number of waves represents the higher status of the Kris’s owner and the greater spiritual power the Kris held as a talisman. The curves themselves are symbolic of a snake or a dragon.

It is not to be forgotten that more than half of the Kris swords were straight for practical reasons, and a warrior’s blade would usually only have 3 curves. Therefore, the spiritual and status related aspects were the more likely reasons for an extensively wavy blade. 

Guard / Gangya

Given the striking nature of a blade that has many luk, the base of the Kris, also known as the guard or gangya, is potentially overlooked. It could be argued that the hand guards on these daggers and swords might deserve to be considered as the more uniting design feature between the Kris daggers and Moro Kris Swords.

As previously mentioned, it is known that some Kris daggers and Moro Swords would have been straight bladed. The majority of these blades would also usually have a uniquely curved and ornate guard, designed to protect the yielder’s hand in combat. 

As you can see in the picture, the wide base is asymmetrical. The gangya extends and curves out, possibly reminiscent of an elephant trunk, and has vicious “teeth” which would stop an opposing blade’s attempt to slice at the fingers below it. The rest of its design is also often elaborate, tying in with the design of the wavy blade.  

Hilt 

Like the rest of the blade, the hilt and pommel are equally considered in the Kris’s design and forging process. Hardwood, bronze and ivory can be used for the hilt, often in combination with rattan or other design features. The hilt of a Kris blade is another way to determine how it may have been utilized. 

Generally speaking, a Kris with an ergonomic hardwood handle may be more likely to be used in combat, whilst a decorative and elaborate hilt might be more likely to be used in ceremony or as a talisman. The comfort and excellent grip given by a Kris hilt is often one of the key design highlights of the sword. 

Scabbard / Warangka 

The warangka, otherwise known as a scabbard, is the sheath that protects the blade of a Kris and its architecture is just as important. The main section of the warangka that protects the blade is most commonly made from hardwood, but often designed with embellishments in mind. From precious metals and ivory to jewels and gemstones, the warangka was the final artistic flourish in the making of a Keris blade.

Each material used in the making of the warangka is important since different woods and metals are believed to harbor individual powers. This in turn, adds to the total spiritual power held by the Kris once it is completed. The colors used in the Scabbard can also be an indicator of the status of its owner, such as green for ministers and red for the Sultan. 

Pamor

Finally, the pamor refers to the pattern in the blade which occurs as a result of the forging process and is just as precise as the rest of the design. 

Pamor comes from the Javanese word for mixture, which relates to the method of “pattern welding” where the blade of the Kris is made by mixing metals. By heating, pounding, and folding them together whilst they are red hot, the pamor pattern is achieved. 

The metals used can be different combinations of iron ore, nickel, titanium, and steel.

Top tip: The Indonesian term for a Kris swordsmith is an Empu, and they are highly respected craftsmen in their cultures. So when you’re on the hunt for your own Kris sword or dagger, identifying a modern day mpu may raise your chances of getting a more authentic blade.

Type 2: Moro Kris Swords

At this point, you may be wondering where the differences lie between the Kris/Keris dagger and the Moro Kris / Kalis sword. Although they aren’t drastic, it is important to recognize the cultural shift between the designs as it may help you make a  decision on what type of Kris blade you prefer.

Ultimately, the main difference between both is that one is a dagger and the other is a sword, but there are many similarities in terms of design and  their general geographical origin. So how and why did the Kris dagger become the Moro Kris Sword?

Origins & History 

The shortsword, with its extended blade length, takes its name from the Moro people of the Southern Philippines. Although the Kris or Keris dagger is a significant part of the culture of many Southeast nations, the Moro Kris sword was claimed specifically by tribes in the Southern Philippines such as those in Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago, and Palawan. 

They are people of the Islamic faith, a factor that can be attributed to their ostracisation and neglect within the Filipino governing system throughout history. This is also potentially a key reason for the development of the Kris dagger into a sword. 

As the Roman-Catholic Spaniards tried to colonize the Philippines between the 16th and 19th centuries, the Islamic Moro resisted. It is suggested that it was during this time that they developed the Kris dagger into the Moro Kris sword; a blade capable of countering the attack of a Spanish rapier. 

The Kris sword is still used by the Moro people today and since it is such a significant part of their culture, you can see it proudly depicted on the Moro flag.

Kris Dagger vs Moro Kris: Key Differences and Similarities 

To avoid confusion as much as possible, let us briefly summarize the differences between the Kris/Keris dagger and Moro Kris/ Kalis sword: 

• The Kris dagger is a shorter, knife-like blade while the Moro Kris sword is a longer, short sword that ranges between 46 and 66cm long 

• The Kris/Keris/Creese etc originates from Java, and its popularity spread across Southeast Asia. Meanwhile, the Moro Kris/Kalis sword also has Indonesian roots, but the Moro tribe warriors evolved it from a backup weapon into a primary sword. 

• The Indonesian Kris seems to be more deep rooted in its spiritual past, whilst the Filipino Kalis appears to have developed into more of a symbol of battle.

• The Kris dagger tends to have a more elaborate hilt, but the Moro Kris sword is still meticulously designed and often finished with a horse hoof pomme.

• Both blades can be wavy or straight, with many or no undulations and the exquisite, curved gangya is found at the base of both weapons.

Factors To Consider When Choosing A Kris

Of course, when buying more unique styles of swords and daggers, there are certain factors to consider:

• Where to find one. As the Kris blades are still such a fundamental and sacred part of Southeast Asian culture, you can still find traditional Kris swords being made in recent times. If you are a sword collector, this is incredibly exciting as it means that you might not have to settle for a replica.

• Maintenance. One of the key things to remember, especially if you intend to use your Kris dagger or Moro Kris Sword, is that a wavy blade requires a lot more effort in terms of upkeep. They are harder to sharpen and harder to sheath. 

• Expense. Although a higher number of undulations gives your Kris a greater status symbol, this will come at a price. The more waves, the more effort required in its forging process and therefore, the pricier it will be.

• Heritage. It is easy to focus on a sword like this purely as a weapon, but it is important to keep in mind the emblem of spirituality that the Kris and Kalis blades have in many Southeast Asian cultures. 

• Type. Remember that since the Kris daggers and swords are weapons used in many nations you may find a range of variations. For example you might find a “Malay Kris” which indicates its Malaysian origins or you might be more drawn to the Moro Kris, which heralds from the Philippines. Take your time and pick your favorite!

Spiritual Heritage

We have already alluded to the spiritual significance the Kris blades represent in Southeast Asian cultures. Everything to do with design, the forging process, who it is to be carried by, and what it will be used for helps to shape the finished sword.   

There are many beliefs and practices attached to the Keris, but ultimately they are thought to harbor magical powers, or even be the resident object of a guardian spirit whose job is to keep its owner safe. Stories tell of water being drawn from the end of a Kris dagger, enemies being hurt by simply thrusting the blade into their footprints, and fire being transferred from a burning ship to shore just by pointing the weapon. 

In order to retain the powers, the Keris is traditionally cleansed with a halved lime, and rinsed with water to remove dirt and rust. This ritual is performed with great importance.

Returning to the pamor forging process, the length of time spent forging these blades also affected the power of the talisman. The empu who made the blade could spend from weeks to years forging the blade. It has even been said that the best empus might go into a trance when welding, giving them the ability to handle the red hot metal with their bare hands.

Still in use today, the Kris is often passed down as an heirloom within families. With each passing generation, the Kris’s power should be respected and tended to. They are worn on special occasions and in ceremonies such as weddings and other events.

The Martial Art of Silat 

With over 1000 variations, the Southeast Asian Martial Art of Silat may be the reason you are looking to find your own Kris blade. Silat dates back to the same time that the Keris dagger was born. It is a martial art which includes the use of the Kris dagger to help you counter attacks with your blade. 

Silat is still practiced today across Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines and the discipline has now begun to gain popularity in the West. An ancient practice carried on throughout the centuries, it indicates the significance of the Kris dagger and Moro Kris sword.  

Conclusion

The heritage and design of the Kris dagger and Moro Kris sword is undeniably exquisite. The blade has a very distinctive design with a deeply respected spiritual heritage. Whether you opt for the more ancient Keris/ Kris dagger or the more specialized Moro Kris sword, you are unlikely to be disappointed by this blade.